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, ߵ α ʿѰ?
21⸦ ̲ ߿ ȭημ ȭ âǼ Ŵ´. ȭ ȸ Ӱ Ű Ʋ̶, âǼ ΰ , Ȯ õ̶ ִ.
ȭ Ͽ ο ǰ Ѵٸ, âǼ ̿ ġ ְ ִ ذ س.
ȭ ռ âǼ ΰ ȸ ʿ伺 Ͽ, ذμ ߿伺 ٽ ռ ִ.
1999 âǼ ȭ ڹȸ(National Advisory Committee on Creative and Cultural Education) 츮 ̷: âǼ, ȭ (All Our Futures: Creativity, Culture & Education)̶ ⰣϿ.
ù Ӹ Ѹ ̾߱ ۵ȴ. 츮 ǥ â ɷ 21 ϴ Ȱ ִ ̴. ƴ϶ Ӹ ϴ ̴.
߿伺 ̾߱ϸ鼭, ڿ ߽ ؿ н δ 21⸦ , ϰ ϸ鼭 ʿ Ѵ.
, ο ȭ Žϰ âǼ ذ ٽ ο ȴٴ Ǹ鼭, ġ ش.
̳ʸ ϴµ ñ ǥ , η Ѿ ȸ ġ ִ.
ġ, ʵб, ߵб, б, , Ǵ ǰ ü ӿ ٸ, ϴ (Professional Education) ̿ܿ Ϲݱ(General Education)μ Ǿ Ѵ
(1). ̿ ü ü ӿ ʁߵ ġ Ͽ 캻.
,, α
б б ʵб
K-12 education
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п б (2,4,5)
Higher education
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米, Continuing education
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濵, α()
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Ϲ ȭâ
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1. αü
( ó : , 'ȭϴ 踦 (1)', , Vol.233, 1997, p.165)
, ߵ ġ
[αμ ]
θô Ǿ С ιС Ǿ , ϴ ൿ Ϲ Ʋ Ⱓ ǾԴ.
й ʴ б(literacy) (numeracy) Ѵٴ Ʋ ӿ ٸ Ѵٴ ʴ 찡 . ռ ִ ο Ž ۵Ǿ.
1807 ĿƼ R(Three Rs)̶ ܾ , 1979 η罺 μ а (reading & writing), ϰ ϱ(reckoning & figuring), ϱ(wroughting and wrighting) Ͽ. ܾ wroughting ϴ Ͽ â ̵ ϰ ġ ִ literacy numeracy شϴ ΰ ɷ ǹѴ.(Bruce Archer, The Three Rs, Design Studies, Vol.1, No.1, July 1979, pp.18-20)
3R й 籸Ǹ, 2 ȴ. ΰȯ濡 ϴ ǥ йμ ġ Ȯ η罺 Ұ ϴ ſ ߿ ǰ ִ.
3R ö Ϲݱ öϰ Ű ʹ β. κ ణ ̴ , ϴ¡ ̼ ϸ鼭, ڿ ״ ϰ ִ.
3R ̳ ϰ ݿ б ǥ μ ߵ(Waldorf) б ִµ, ʵб б ϴ ߵ Ӹ(head) (heart), (hands) Բ Ȱ ִ ΰ ǥ Ѵ.
л ܰ迡 ߾ , , , ҵ Ͽ ڱɰ ڽſ ܽ ٶ ΰ ϴ ߵ б 1919 絹 Ÿ̳(Rudolf Steiner; 18611925) Ͽ ۵Ǿ μ Ȯǰ ִ.
, л ߰ , л ۾ ɼϰ س ߵ Ư Ͽ й нϰ ϸ鼭 Ӹ, , յ ΰ Ų.
б 캸, ǥ 鼭 ʷ Ͽ нǥ ϴ ߽ Ѵ.
⳪ ٹ̱⡯ ϴ ѱ ,ߵ Ͽ , ̰ еȴ.
2. 3R й
(ó : Bruce Archer, Design as a Discipline : The Three Rs. Design Studies, Vol.1, No.1, July 1979, p.20)
[âǼ ϴ ]
̷ ȸ η̶ о߿ Ȱϴ Ϳ âǼ â 縦 ǹѴ. ڸ Ͽ âǼ ʵб , ߴǾ Ѵ. âǼ ʷ ̳ ȭ ӿ ߵ ִ.
ʷ (Design-Based Education)̶ , п ط ü ൿ Ͽ ü âɷ Ű ̴.(, .ߵ ʿ: ʷ ߽Ρ, , No. 20, pp. 87-94, 1997) ƴ (knowing) Ѿ, ϰ, õ(doing)ϴ ʷ ̱ ߽ ǰ ִ. ʷ Ư ٹ̴ ʴ´.
ο õ ̼, , , , ʰ, ȯ湮, н뿡 ṵ̈ н ȭŴν л Ȱ ذذ鼭 âǼ ߴŰ ȴ.
̿ ϴ ʷ Ǿ âǼ ߴŲ. ̳ʵ 忡 Ͽ ְ ʴ âǼ Ű.
, Ʋ üӹ ɽƮ ũ̸ ʵб ϴ 뷡 DZ ָ ġ н ƴ϶, ǰ ̿Ͽ DZ⸦ ϰ ̸ ϴ âǷ° ǽ ϴ ȴ.
âǼ Ű, ſ ϸ, ȸ Ȯϱ Ѵ. , 2000 Ͽ 70% ̻ Ļ ϰ Ǵ ŭ, Ļ ȭ ߿伺 Ȯ ̴.
ױ۷ (The Arts Council of England) , 1991 о 10 Ͽ 34% Ǿ, ̿ ǰ ִٰ Ѵ.
1991 1994 ̿ â о л 28% Ǿ, л ƴ϶, н 踦 ϴ ϰ ִ.
̿ ȭ о Ȯ ȭ ο а 鼭 Ϲݱ ȭ ū ģ ̴. ϸ鼭 âǼ ʵб ° ɷ Ű, Բ ų ֱ ̳ ũ Ѵ.
̿ Ͽ ִ ̳ ƴ϶, ϴ ġ, , ڵ鵵 Բ Ű ִ.
ѱ , ߵ
α âǼ ߴ Ͽ ʷ ߽ ϰ ִ , , ̱ ,ߵ Ͽ Ǿ.
, ĥ ΰ ̽ ,ߵ ϱ ٴ, ǥ Ͽ ü ƶ ġ ° Ǿ ʹ ڸϴ.
ѱ ,ߵ б ٷ ִ ̼ κμ, ΰ ٹ̰ ܱ ϰ ִ. 6 ģ ʵб õ , ٹ̱, Ʋ ȯǾ , ߵб ٹ̱ , б ðް ȯ, Ȱǰ Ǿ ִ.
̵ ̼ κ DZ , ǰ ̶ ϰ ¸ ´ٴ Ͽ ƴ϶ ̰ Ǿ ִ.
,ߵ Ͽ .
ù°, ο ȸ ùٸ ν ϴ.
°, αμ ,ߵ б ǥ õ ϴ.
°, ǥ Һиϴ.
°, ùٸ ִ η° , н 簡 ϴ.
ټ°, , ϴ ȸ ü ϴ.
ΰ Ƹ ٹ̴ ǥ Ȱ νĵǰ ִ Ȳ ̼ Ȯ ϱ ƴ.
ǰ , ȯ â ذ ɷ 켱Ǵ ϴ ο Ϲ ƴ϶ ɷ ִ ̷ ̳ʿ ġ ȴ.
Ͽ ùٸ Ϲ ԽŰ Ͽ (National Curriculum) ϰ, ΰ (Design & Technology) ߽ Ѵ.
1989 Ȯ ΰ Ȱȯ âǼ Ű õ̰, ױ۷ Ʋ Ϻ ǰ ִ.
ִ ο , âǼ ϼȴٴ ܼ ,ߵ ̴ٰ.
̷ õϰ Ŀϴ , ϰ ϴ (Office for Standards in Education) ΰ , ϱ Ѵ.
ܼ ٶϴٰ ǴܵǴ ϴ ̿ܿ, ̰ Բ δ & , ϴ ̻ ؿ ϸ, ߵб ̼ 米 25% ϴٴ ̾.
־ ̻ ̼ 簡 ϴٰ Ͽ(summary version, Guaranteeing an entitlement to the Arts in Schools, The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce, Unpublished Report, 1995), ϴ پ Ȱ ϰ ִ.
ο νİ , 縸 ϴ 츮 ΰ ֱ ΰ âǼ ״ Ǵܵȴ.
,ߵ
̼ ߵǾ ְ, Ϲݱ н ȭ Խð ֱ Խ ̼ п ,ߵ ϰ ִٰ ص ƴ ü ʿ Ѵ.
ְ, ʹ Ǵ ѱ Ȳ, α âǼ Ű ʷ ȯڴ ؼ ̷ ̴.
̳ʿ ȸ ϱ Ͽ 켱 õ ִ ͺ ,ߵ ñ ʿ䰡 ִ.
ҵ ǹ̿ Ǵ ü踦 ȭ, ų ִ ϸ .
ù°, ,ߵб ǥ, , ü Ͽ, ݿѴ.
°, ,, Ͽ, ҿܵǾ ,ߵ Ȱȭ ǽ ȯ Ѵ.
°, ѱ , ȭ, ź ó Ͽ ,ߵ α ִ ߰ ü踦 ϰ, 縦 ִ ü Ѵ.
̿ а ȸ, ȭü, б Ͽ, ,ߵ ߿ м ȭ Ȱ ų ̴.
̱ ߽ ,ߵ ϰ ִ Ȱ ʸ оߺ Ұϸ .
: δ ΰ Ͽ ʷ ü踦 Ͽ, Ͽ γ پ 縦 ϸ鼭 ռ õѴ.
ī, ȭ, , , BBC, ȸ ȸ ϰ ϴ ǥ ̴. ̵ ó 캸 , ܱ, , ȭ ߿ ó ѸǾ ִ.
1998 ASEM ȸǿ ߿伺 Ͽ ġ (Design It)̶ Ʈũ 븦 ϸ鼭 ռ ˷ȴ. (. www.designit.org, www.design-council.org.uk)
ȭü: ̼, ڹ ȭ ü ִ μ ,ߵ ſ ߿ϴ. ̱ ̼(National Building Museum) (Design Wise) α Ͽ б б л ε 踦 νϰ ִ ɷ Űν ڽŵ ư ȸ ϰ Ѵ.
бⰣ̳ б ̿ܿ 1 ̼ Ǵ α ο ؿ μ ϴ Ѵ.
̼(Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum) 25 ǰ 5 弭, 100 ̹ ߰ ΰ Ѵ.
̼ , ̳, ũ, Ͽ ̿ α پϰ ϰ ִ.
: ̱ ʶǾ (Univ. of the Arts) ġ б ǹϴ K-12 α ǥ ̴.
1990 ʶǾ б 鿡 õ α ϱ Ͽ, ΰü Ŀ л Ű ִ.
, 繰 ߰ , õϱ ߰ б ü ؿ ǥ Ȱ̴.
ȸ: 1997 ī Բ BBC Design Kit ʵб 鿡 Ȱ ִ ϴ ̴.
, ̼ հ Բ پ α鵵 BBC ۸ 濵ϰ ִ.
ұͿ ü CBI You Can Make It! б Բ ϴ ũμ, پ ǰ Ȳ ҰǸ鼭 Ȱ ӿ ȸ Ѵ.
ǰ ȯ
ο ã, â Ͽ ȭ ϴ ȿ ŵΰ ִ. Ư ִ ڿ ģϰ ΰ ȸ(Information Society) ٴ ǥ ã ִ.
ȸ Գ нȸ(Learning Society) Ű, ȸ Ͽ (Cool Britannia) ִ.
Ͽ , Ű ϴ ȴ.
츮Դ , , , ΰ Բ ϴ ϸ鼭, ,ߵ ߿伺 ǰϴ ȯ ʿϴ.
̷ ̳ʿ ϴ ѱο ʿ ⱳ ϴ ƴ϶, ִ âǼ ȯ Ͽ Ѹ ǰ ȯ ̴.
National Advisory Committee on Creative and Cultural Education, All Our Futures:
Creativity, Culture & Education, Department for Education and Employment, U.K. 1999.
A. Slafer & K. Cahill, Why Design? Chicago Review Press, 1995.
Tristram Shepart, Education by Design, Stanley Thornes Ltd., 1990.
The Arts Council of England, Leading Through Learning, unpublished materials, 1997.
The Scottish Arts Council, Now to Create, unpublished materials, 1994.
, ȭϴ 踦 - K-12 , , Vol. 236, 1998, pp. 156-160.
_(ѱб а )
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Ʈ õ & Ư.
ȸ Ư 忡 ǰ ܰ ǹ г ̿Ͽ ü ϰ ־ ȭ, ſ ȿ ũ.
ī ϴ ' ְ' ũ Ȩ.
, ߵб ڿ ΰ ϱ پ ü ȰǸ, 簡 Ʈ ǻͿ Բ â ϴ ο ǰ ִ.
︧̼ ֵ ︧ Ư ɾ پ ɹ ڽ å ִ 7 л Ѻٰ .
̳ θ Բ ̼ ãƿ л ο ̹ ŷǾ ̼ 湮Ѵٰ Ѵ.
ҳ å 鿩ٺ ̼ ̳ʿ ̸ ̷ο ϱⰡ ־.
1961 .
̼ ̼(1984).
п ̼ (1986).
̱ ̿ ָб ΰ (1990).
αݱ ɻ(1997-1999), ̱ IDEA(1997) ѱ µλ(1998), Ƽ̵ (19941996, 1999) ɻ .
ǻ ̿ ü , ټ ǥ.
< ºϴ 21> < ȸ ȭ>() .
̱ < ̽> , ѱ äȸ ѱǻ Ƚȸ ̻, ѱб(KAIST) ΰ α .
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